Tom
I only came across this when the last two comments appeared a couple of days ago, and agree with you that chapter two is very good in establishing the distinction between the Lord's Supper and the Lord's Table.
One point I would make though is the common confusion between the mention of the loaf (or bread - the same word artos in the Greek) in verse 16 and of the same word which occurs twice in verse 17.
In verse 16 it is the emblem of the physical body of Christ, and of that only, but in terms of its communion. It is His body with the blood poured out, the sacrificial order. Hence the cup referred to before the loaf (or bread).
In the first part of verse 17, in the phrase 'because we, being many, are one loaf, one body', it is the church as comprising all true believers in Christ. The rest of verse then gives the explanation as to the how and why: 'For we all partake of that one loaf' (1 Cor. 10.17 JND), 'that' being the loaf of the previous verse.
It is not the loaf in itself in verse 16 which represents the one church, i.e. the unity of the spiritual body, but the fact that it is one loaf, the oneness or the unity of the loaf, though broken, the one loaf broken partaken of by the members of the one body as stated in the latter part of verse 17.
Thus, in short, the loaf itself represents the physical body of Christ in reference to its communion; that it is one loaf, the unity of the believers in Him, the spiritual body.
Mark, if I may come in here. You raise some interesting points. The learned translators of our excellent English version distinguished between “bread” and “loaves” when translating artos. It is clear why. The translation “loaf” or “loaves” is used whenever there is one or more loaves—a specific unit of bread. Otherwise it’s always “bread,” the substance—so, it is the “bread” that is spoken of as broken.
It is always the Lord “took bread” (not the loaf) and brake it. So in 1 Cor 10:16 it is the “bread which we break” (not the loaf), and in the latter of 1 Cor 10:17 “we partake of that one bread”—that is Christ, as we feed on Him; also as partakers of that altar, which is Christ. His body, signified by the bread, is said to be broken for us.
But I’m not sure why the translators didn’t use “loaf” for the first artos in 1 Cor 10:17—it’s about the one body of Christ, the Church, and “loaf” as a unit seems relevant. The unity suggested in the one loaf, as the body, is never broken. Your phrase—“the unity of the spiritual body, but the fact that it is one loaf, the oneness or the unity of the loaf” is very apt.
There is communion in the broken body of Christ (the bread) which we celebrate, but also communion in the one body—“For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ” (1Cor 12:12).
For some, perhaps semantics, but words in Scripture matter, and the very translatable Greek of the NT also has relevance and meaning. I suggest these thoughts, but don't want to be dogmatic.
Syd
Yes, in English we speak of "a loaf of bread."
The King James Version translates 'artos' as 'bread' throughout in 1 Corinthians 10 verses 16 and 17.
However, Mr Darby has 'the bread which we break' in verse 16, but has 'loaf' in the main text of verse 17 for both occurences of 'artos', allowing 'bread' for each in a footnote.
I think the problem is that the expression "breaking of bread" is familar to us, and to have the word "loaf" instead of 'bread' in verse 16 might seem somewhat strange.
Neverthless, the Darby Translation for Luke 22 verse 19 reads, 'And having taken a loaf, when he had given thanks, he broke [it], and gave [it] to them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me', but having the word 'bread' in a footnote.
One point to notice is that the significance of the loaf (or bread) was given to it by the Lord Jesus after He had broken it.
Though the last comments made on this subject were several months ago, I would add here that for the first part of 1 Corinthians 10 verse 17, the KJV has, 'For we being many are one bread, and one body' (1 Cor. 10.17a, KJV) and the Darby Translation translates it, 'Because we, [being] many, are one loaf, one body' (1 Cor. 10.17a, JND).
The Revised Version renders it in a footnote as, 'Seeing that there is one bread, we, who are many, are one body' (1 Cor. 10.17, RV footnote). I see that newer versions translate the verse similarly, and which I now believe to be correct from the punctuation in the Greek texts, something with which the editors seem in agreement.
(For the words 'there is' compare with 1 Timothy 2 verse 5, Ephesians 4 verse 4, and 1 Corinthians 8 verses 4, 6, and 7 where they are added in italics in the KJV for readable English. See also https://biblehub.com/interlinear/1_corinthians/10.htm.)
Much has been made by some of "seeing (or viewing) all believers in the unbroken loaf" at the Lord's supper, something not mentioned in verse 16 nor are we instructed to do so, and there is no mention of it being one loaf in the verse. That it is one loaf does not come into it until the next verse, verse 17.
I believe that the loaf itself is the emblem of the physical body of Christ, but quoting the remainder of 1 Corinthians 10 verse 17, 'For we all partake of the one loaf' (1 Cor. 10. 17b). In other words, that it is one loaf of which believers are said to partake, by their act is the expression that they are one spiritual body.
It has been pointed out that the loaf is broken when partaken of, and it was then that the Lord Jesus said of it, 'This is My body', as has been recorded four times in the New Testament, but does the loaf become something other in symbol after being broken than it did before, the emblem of His body only when broken, of this then and only then?
I suggest, in response to what Syd has written above and in line with Luke's account (chapter 22 verses 14 to 20), having taken a loaf (or bread), having given thanks and broken it, and then the Lord speaking of it as the emblem of His body, is therein in the transfer from the type - the Passover - to the antitype - Christ our Passover sacrificed for us (1 Cor. 5.7). For the disciples, it was a move from the remembrance of that Passover to the remembrance of this - Christ, the true Paschal Lamb, in the offering of Himself.
The loaf, in the sense of its presentation in 1 Corinthians is for the church, the one body, alone.
In Luke, the Lord's supper is instituted by the Lord when about to suffer, and He will not eat of the Passover anymore until fulfilled in the kingdom of God. In 1 Corinthians, the Lord's supper is to be maintained in the parenthesis from that time until the kingdom in its manifestation.
'Christ loved the church, and gave Himself for it' (Eph. 5.25 KJV). The church did not give itself for itself!
